Fiber
Fiber uses optical signals and can support very high capacity with strong upload performance depending on the service design. The connection may terminate at an ONT in or near the home.
Cable
Cable internet commonly uses hybrid fiber-coax networks and DOCSIS technology. Service is shared within parts of the provider network, and upload/download profiles depend on the local deployment and plan.
DSL
DSL uses telephone copper pairs. Performance varies strongly with line length, copper quality and the DSL technology in use.
Fixed wireless / cellular
Fixed wireless and cellular home internet use radio between the provider network and the subscriber location. Signal conditions, tower capacity and spectrum can make performance more variable than a wired access line.
Satellite
Satellite services extend coverage where terrestrial infrastructure is limited. Latency and performance characteristics depend heavily on the satellite architecture and provider network.
Compare more than headline Mbps
Upload capacity, latency, monthly data policy, equipment, installation, reliability, support and actual local availability can matter as much as the advertised download tier.